Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Bacteria Isolate of (Hibiscus Rosa sinensis L.) Flower Against the Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms residing in plant tissues that can produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. This study focused on the Hibiscus flower (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.), known for its secondary metabolites effective against bacteria. The research aimed to identify the genera of endophytic bacteria and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Pure isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from the hibiscus flowers, with identification based on morphological, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Various fermentation times (24, 48, and 72 hours) were tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. Six genera were identified: Escherichia, Aeromicrobium, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, and Klebsiella. The Klebsiella genus showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (10.22 mm) after 72 hours of fermentation, indicating that longer fermentation enhances antibacterial efficacy due to secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic isolates