Setia Budi International Conference on Pharmaceutical and Health

Effect of Variations in Cettyl Alcohol Concentration on Preparation of Moringa Leaf Ethanol Extract Creambath (Moringa Oleifera L.) Against Rabbit Hair Growth

Safira Aulia Norma — 2026-04-14

A frequent hair problem is hair loss. Moringa leaf extract has the fastest activity in hair growth at 6% concentration. This study developed moringa leaf extract into a cream dosage formulation by varying the concentration of cetyl alcohol. Moringa leaf extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The 6% moringa ethanol extract was made into creambath preparations in 3 formulas with varying concentrations of cetyl alcohol, namely 3%, 4%, and 5%. The creambath preparation was tested for physical quality, stability and activity of rabbit hair growth for 15 days with the parameters of average hair length and hair weight. The results showed that the variation of cetyl alcohol concentration in moringa leaf ethanol extract creambath preparation affects viscosity, spreadability, pH, stability and hair growth activity. Formula I with 3% cetyl alcohol concentration showed the best results based on one-way ANOVA.

Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Profile of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Plant Using ADMETlab 3.0

Yurdha Aure Pratama — 2026-04-14

Kaffir lime plant is a plant that is often used by the community as a traditional medicinal herb. The development of the use of traditional medicine among the community encourages research related to the prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles that have not been done much. Collection of compound data using KNApSAcK. Collection of smile codes with PubChem. Selection of drug similarity is done on SwissADME. ADME and toxicity data collection using ADMETlab 3.0. The results showed that only 36% of the compounds passed the drug similarity test. ADME analysis shows that kaffir lime plant compounds have good absorption, are bound to plasma binding proteins, are cytochrome substrates, and have moderate excretion values, this can be influenced by physicochemical properties and the presence of certain functional groups in kaffir lime plant compounds. The best predicted drug candidate is the compound citronellyl formate.

The Antibacterial Activity Test of the Combination of Ethanol Extracts from Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) and Belimbing Wuluh Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Priska Novita — 2026-04-14

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) and star fruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) contain chemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and essential oils, all of which have demonstrated antibacterial activity. Previous research has indicated that moringa and star fruit leaves exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. This study aimed to determine which extract of moringa leaves, star fruit leaves, or their combination has the most effective antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The extraction method used in this study involved a 1:10 ratio with 70% ethanol as the solvent. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the dilution method with concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.758%, and 0.39%, the diffusion method (disc method), and paper tape to assess the combination pattern. The concentration ratios used for the combination were 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, with ciprofloxacin as a positive control. The results showed that the combination of ethanol extracts of moringa leaf and star fruit exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Moringa leaf extract and star fruit extract demonstrated antibacterial activity at a concentration of 6.25%, with inhibitory zone diameters of 15.52 mm and 14.21 mm, respectively. The most effective combination ratio of moringa leaf and star fruit ethanol extract was 2:1, resulting in an inhibitory zone diameter of 19.57 mm. The combination effect was found to be synergistic.

Iodometric Determination of Iodine Level in Kitchen Salt Products Circulating in Surakarta Market

Aprilla Yuliana Lestari — 2026-04-14

Government efforts that have a positive impact on improving human resources (HR) are freeing the Indonesian people from iodine deficiency disorders (GAKI) by improving the nutritional status of the community. On a national scale, salt is one of the food additives used by humans as a flavor giver. Potassium iodate (KIO3) is one of the substances that must be present in iodized salt. This study aims to determine the iodine content in table salt circulating in Surakarta market. The research method includes sample preparation, making H2SO4 2N solution, making potassium iodide (KI) 10% solution, making amylum 1%, making KIO3 0.1 N solution, making Na2S(2)O3 0.005 N solution, making Na2S(2)O(3)solution standardization and determining potassium iodate (KIO(3)) content using iodometric titration method. The results of research on 7 salt samples taken randomly found 4 samples namely salt B 44.79 ppm, salt C 42.91 ppm, salt E 38.85 ppm, and salt G 41.42 ppm have KIO 3 levels meet SNI standards of 30-80 ppm. The other 3 samples, namely salt A 16.23 ppm, salt D 27.51 ppm and salt F 19.80 ppm did not meet the SNI standard for KIO3 levels.

Effect of Variation Concentrations of Cetyl Alcohol And Steareth- 20 on Male Rabbit Hair Growth in Creambath Preparations of Ethanol Extract of Water Spinach Leaves (Ipomoea Aquatica)

Stevany Amanda Chintya — 2026-04-14

Hair loss often occurs in many people which if not immediately addressed can cause baldness. Water spinach leaves have been shown to have the best hair growth activity at a concentration of 5%. This research was developed into a creambath preparation with variations of cetyl alcohol and steareth-20 to increase the efficiency of its use. Water spinach leaves were processed into a thick extract and added to creambath preparations with concentrations of cetyl alcohol 4%, 4.5%, 5% and steareth-20 1.4%, 0.9%. The preparation was tested for physical quality, stability, and activity on rabbits for 15 days. The results showed that variations in the concentration of cetyl alcohol and steareth- 20 affected the physical quality, stability, and activity in growing hair. The formula that has the best physical quality, stability, and hair growth activity is formula 1 with a concentration of 4% cetyl alcohol and 1.4% steareth-20 based on statistical tests.

Emulgel Formulation Aand Activity Test Of Etanol Extract Of Suji Leaves (Dracaena Angustifolia Roxb.) On Healing Of Burns In White Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Ida Dwi Maharani — 2026-04-14

Burns are a type of injury that can cause damage and changes to various human body systems. Suji leaf ethanol extract has the fastest activity in healing burn wounds at 7% concentration. This study developed suji leaf ethanol extract into an emulgel dosage formulation by varying the concentration of HPMC. Suji leaf ethanol extract was obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The 7% ethanol extract of suji leaves was made into emulgel preparations in 3 formulas with varying concentrations of HPMC, namely 3%, 3.5%, and 4%. The emulgel preparations were tested for physical quality, stability and healing activity of rabbit burns for 21 days by measuring the diameter of the burns. The results showed that the variation of HPMC in suji leaf ethanol extract emulgel preparation affects viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, stability and burn healing activity. Formula I with 3% HPMC concentration variation showed the best result based on one-way ANOVA.

Network Phamacology of Indian Franchise (Boswellia serrata) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) as Antiinflammatory in Osteoarthritis

Elok Rihadatul Mastuti — 2026-04-14

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis caused by cartilage damage. Indian frankincense and turmeric rhizome have potential as anti- inflammatory for OA. This study identifies target proteins in the pathophysiology of OA, determines Indian frankincense and turmeric rhizome compounds that target these proteins, and analyzes the network pharmacology profile. This study used network pharmacology to analyze the chemical, with data obtained from KNApSAcK. Target proteins in OA were validated through UniProt, protein interactions were analyzed using String. Screening of active substances using PubChem, prediction of target proteins of bioactive compounds using STP, SEA, and SuperPred. Visualization of protein and compound interactions using Cytoscape. Protein NP visualization showed target proteins associated with Indian frankincense and turmeric rhizome compounds, including NFKBIA, NOS2, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK14, PTEN, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, and AKT1. Active compounds such as various boswellic acids, curcumin, and quercetin form network pharmacology profiles relevant to OA target protein.

Network Pharmacology of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) as Antiinflamatory in Ulcerative Colitis

Ulfiatul Fauzah — 2026-04-14

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal inflammation, starting from the rectum and can spread throughout the colon. This study aims to identify proteins involved in UC, determine the target proteins of turmeric rhizome compounds as anti-inflammatory, and analyze the pharmacological profile of turmeric rhizome chemical compounds against disease proteins. The method used was NP, with data collection of compounds from KNApSAcK and Phytochem. Protein targets were identified through STRING, PubChem, STP, SEA and SuperPRED, validated using UniProt and visualized using Cytoscape. profile visualization showed interactions between target proteins involved in the pathophysiology of UC, such as JAK2, JAK1, GATA3, STAT6, IL4R, IL4, IL13, IL12RG, IL10, IL2, IL5, TLR4, TLR5, TLR2, NOD2, MAF, and NFE2L2 with turmeric rhizome compounds. These compounds include curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, limonene, quercetin, alpha pinene, cineole, demethoxycurcumin, ribitol, stigmasterol, and guaicol. This combination forms a pharmacological network that has the potential to address UC.

Stability Orders of Cocystal Paracetamol and Sitric Acid are Influenced in Various Temperatures

Arvandhy Harmi — 2026-04-14

Cocrystal in the pharmaceutical has been developed because this is the one to solve the problem in the pharmaceutical, by varyed the amount of a single crystal form so that it changes the physicochemical properties of its single crystal component. Changes that occur include melting points, changes in hydration stability, resistance to thermal stability, changes in hygroscopic properties, solubility, and bioavailability. The crystal form is preferred because it tends to be stable, reproducible, and easily purified compared to other solid forms such as amorphous. The dissolution rate and solubility of each crystal are different so that it affects the bioavailability and arrangement of the crystal group. Paracetamol crystals is the BCS class 2 category which is difficult to dissolve in water and it will be made into a cocrystal using coformers of citric acid with different variations in temperature and time to test the crystal stability. This can be proved by detection used the FTIR to see changes in the groups in the crystal and the dissolution test and detected by UV-Vis spectro to see the stability of the crystal or cocrystal formed. By varyedtemperatures at meltingpoint or up to meltingpoint is suspected that paracetamol is not stable. The results of the dissolution test seen in the levels of paracetamol and paracetamol samples which decreased in level were in line with the increase in temperature and time variations. Data analysis using SPSS is known that there is a signification that indicates that there are differences in levels due to temperature and time variations indicating that paracetamol paracetamol and cocrystal samples are unstable.

Network Pharmacology of Pulai Leaves (Alstonia scholaris L.) as Antiasthma

Muhamad Ghazi Yusghifari Zaldi — 2026-04-14

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of the lower airway. This study aims to identify protein involved in the pathophysiology of asthma, as well as evaluate the potential of pulai leaves as anti- asthma through pharmacological network analysis of target proteins. This research uses the NP method to collect data on pulai leaf chemical compounds from KNApSAcK. Asthma target proteins were identified through the KEGG pathway and validated with UniProt. Protein interactions used String, active substance screening was done through PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPred, and interaction visualization was done with Cytoscape. Visualization of NP profiles showed asthma target proteins involved with pulai leaf compounds, namely NFKB1, GSK3B, SYK, BLNK, BTK, GRB2, LAT, LCK, MAP2K1, RAF1, PIK3CA, and FYN. Compounds such as aquammicine, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol, isorhamnetin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, citral, tetrahydroalstonine, alpha- amyrin, and kaempferol in pulai leave form a NP profile with asthma target protein.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Side Effects on Compliance with Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Use in Tuberculosis Patients at Madiun Hospital

Putri Fariskha — 2026-04-14

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by infection with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in the lungs. TB treatment generally takes months and requires strict adherence to medication regimens to avoid the risk of bacterial resistance. This research aims to understand the correlation between the level of patient knowledge and the side effects of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) on patient compliance in using Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. This study uses a descriptive correlation method with a cross- sectional approach, and the sample was selected through a purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out by asking Tuberculosis patients who met the criteria to fill out the questionnaire directly. All data obtained were explained using SPSS statistical software, and data analysis was carried out systematically. The results of the study with 44 samples obtained more dominant results were in female gender as many as 22, age >45 years as many as 26, high education as many as 25, unemployed as many as 29 and duration of suffering >3 months as many as 28 respondents. The results obtained showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p value = 0.000) and side effects (p value = 0.002) on compliance with the use of anti-Tuberculosis drugs at Dungus Hospital due to p value <0.05.

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Testing of Mangrove Leaves Ethanol Extract (Rhizophora mucronata) and Antihyperglycemia Activity Testing in Mice (Mus musculus L.)

Putri Niswatul Afifah — 2026-04-14

Mangrove leaves (Rhizophora mucronata) have chemical content, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins and alkaloids. The purpose this study was to determine the ethanol extract mangrove leaves has antioxidant activity and reduce blood glucose levels in male white mice induced by alloxan. Antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with quercetin comparator standard and antihyperglycemia activity testing which divided into 6 groups, Group I negative control (0.5% CMC suspension), group II positive control (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg BB), group III mangrove leaf extract dose (31.25 mg/kg BB), group IV mangrove leaf extract dose (62.5 mg/kg BB), group V mangrove leaf extract dose (125 mg/kg BB), and group VI normal control. The results showed that mangrove leaf extract has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 29.05 ppm having a very strong katergori. The effective dose of mangrove leaf extract that can reduce blood glucose levels is in group IV mangrove leaf extract at a dose of 31.25 mg/kg BB.

Antibacterial Analysis of Euodia suaveolens Scheff. Essential Oil against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277

Imanuella Maria Sumampouw — 2026-04-14

Euodia suaveolens Scheff.(zodia) is known as an exotic plant. However, several studies have shown that the plant contains essential oils (EOs) that can be utilized as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of E. suaveolens leaf EOs against Streptococcus sanguis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. E. suaveolens leaf EOs was tested for its characteristics as simplicia by yield, alcohol solubility, specific gravity, organoleptic, and GC-MS analysis. Antibacterial analysis was determined by the well diffusion method followed by the determination of the MIC. The results of the plant leaf EOs characteristic tests were as follows the yield of 0.209%, a specific gravity of 0.956 ± 0.002 g/mL, its solubility was clear, and no grains. The result of the GC-MS analysis showed four main compounds: menthofuran, 1-limonene, evodone, and perilla acetate. The results showed that E. suaveolens leaf EOs was able to inhibit S. sanguis with an average diameter at concentrations of 10, 15, 20, and 25%, namely 0, 1.08, 3.05, and 3.96 mm which indicated that at concentrations of 10% showed no inhibition zone. In contrast, 15, 20, and 25% concentrations showed antibacterial activities. P. gingivalis showed an average diameter of inhibition zones at each concentration were 0, 0, 1.48, and 2.2 mm, indicating that concentrations of 10 and 15% showed no inhibition zones and concentrations of 20 and 25% showed antibacterial activities. The MIC of E. suaveolens leaf EOs against S. sanguis was 30% and P. gingivalis was 80%. This study showed that E. suaveolens leaf EOs has a potential antibacterial activity against S. sanguis and P. Gingivalis, and needs further research.

Testing The Antioxidant Activity Nasturtium Flower Extract (Tropaeolum Majus L.) Nanosuspension Using of Dpph Methods

Rizki Fitria — 2026-04-14

The increasing incidence of diseases caused by free radicals encourages research on antioxidant compounds, one of which is from nasturtium flowers (Tropaeolum majus L.) which contains phenolic compounds. This study aims to increase the antioxidant activity of nasturtium flower extract through nanoparticle technology in the form of nanosuspension, which is made by sonoprecipitation method using a variety of stabilizers. After extraction, compound identification, and determination of total phenolics and flavonoids, the nanosuspension characteristics were tested, including particle size and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that nanosuspensions of nasturtium flower extract could be produced with particle sizes ranging from 989.5-1214.9 nm, with the best stabilizer being Pluronic F-68. Antioxidant activity test shows that formula 2 has an IC50 value of 1866.8897 ppm, lower than the pure extract which has an IC50 value of 2842.3616 ppm. In conclusion, nasturtium flower extract nanosuspension is effective in increasing antioxidant activity.

Antihyperglycemic Activity Test of Javanese Pepper Leaf Ethanol Extract (Piper Retrofractum Vahl) And Pancreatic Histopathology in Male White Mice (Mus Musculus) By Aloxane Induction

Firliana Destianti — 2026-04-14

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes hyperglycemia. Javanese chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins that are efficacious as a blood sugar level lowerer. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity and effective dose of antihyperglycemia of javanese chili leaf extract, as well as to determine the ability to improve pancreatic histopathology in male mice that have been induced by aloxan. The maceration extraction of Javanese chili leaves is carried out with a 70% ethanol solvent. As many as 30 Mus musculus mice were induced with 1% aloxan, then given Na CMC negative control treatment, glibenchamide positive control, extract treatment dose of 1.4, 2.8, 5.6 mg/kgBB mice. Blood sugar levels were measured before and after treatment with an easy test glucometer, then mice were sacrificed and their pancreas were taken for histopathological testing. The data was tested using the One Way Anova and Paired T-test. The results showed that all javanese chili leaf extracts could reduce blood sugar levels and significantly reduce the percentage of necrosis (Sig. <0.05).

Formulation and Activity Test of Serum From Srff (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Rice Ferment Filtrate) With 72 Hour Fermentation Time As Anti-Aging In Vivo

Fitri Anggraeni — 2026-04-14

Aging is a state in which the skin begins to experience a progressive decline in function, one of which can be caused by free radicals. Free radicals damage the skin through oxidative stress with degradation of collagen and elastin. The utilization of fermentation in the anti-aging cosmetic industry is gaining popularity because it contains antioxidants that help fight free radicals that cause skin aging. This study used fermentation of 10 grams of rice with 100 ml of distilled water and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast for 72 hours to produce SRFF (Rice Fermented Yeast Juice). The fermentation result was processed into serum with Na CMC base (1%, 2%, and 3%) to test its anti-aging effect on the back of rabbits exposed to UV-A light. The results showed that formula 2 had anti-aging activity with collagen percentage of 116.06%, elasticity of 90.64%, and moisture of 284%. Statistically, Formula 2 was not significantly different from the positive control (p>0.05), but had a decrease in pH value on stability.

The Effect of Carbopol 940 Concentration Variation as A Gelling Agent of Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera L.) Ethanol Extract Gel Preparation on Physical Quality and Stability.

Indri Lestari — 2026-04-14

Each formula was tested for physical quality with organoleptic parameters, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Physical quality stability test with synergistic parameters. Irritation test with edema and erythema parameters. and Anti-aging test using rabbit back skin checked with a skin analyzer. The data obtained were tested using the T-Test method and continued with the Turkey post hoc test. Irritation test with edema and erythema parameters. The anti-aging test was checked on the rabbit's back skin using a skin analyzer. The data obtained were tested using SPSS with the T-Test and continued with the Turkey post hoc test. Variations of Aloe Vera Ethanol extract anti- aging gel have good physical quality. The safety test of the preparation does not irritate. The concentration in the best anti- aging activity test is Aloe Vera Ethanol extract gel at a Carbopol base concentration of 1.2%.

Effectiveness Test of Ethanol Extract Fraction of Lamtoro Leaves (Leucaena Leucocephala L.) As Antidiabetes in Male White Mice (Mus Musculus)

Evelin Baselisa Laiyan — 2026-04-14

Diabetes mellitus as one of the degenerative diseases is a longterm condition characterized by increased blood sugar levels and metabolic disorders. Lamtoro leaves are one of the plants that are often used as traditional medicine. This study used 30 male mice divided into 6 groups, each group consisting of 5. All groups were treated for 13 days. Day 0, day 3, day 7, and day 13 determine blood sugar levels, on day 14 mice were dissected and pancreas organs were taken which were used as histopathology preparations. Fractions of lamtoro leaf ethanol extract can effectively reduce blood sugar levels at doses of 75 mg/kg BW of water fraction, 30 mg/kg BW of ethyl acetate fraction, and 60 mg/kg BW of n-hexane fraction. Dosing the fraction of lamtoro leaf ethanol extract on the histopathology picture of the pancreas can reduce necrotic cell damage to mice.

Testing The Analgesic Antipyretic Activity of Leunca (Solanum Nigrum L.) Leaf Extract on Male Mice (Muscular Muscles)

Anjelica Iriani Lodan — 2026-04-14

Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can be overcome with analgesics, while fever is an increase in body temperature that can be reduced with antipyretics. This study aims to test the activity and effective dose of antipyretic analgesic of ethanol extract of leunca leaves in male mice induced by 1% acetic acid and 10% peptone. The study used 50 Swiss Webster mice, divided into 5 groups: negative control (CMC Na 0.5%), positive control (paracetamol), and three treatment groups of leunca leaf extract (245 mg/kg, 490 mg/kg, 980 mg/kg BW). Induction was performed with 10% peptone and 1% acetic acid, followed by measurement of body temperature and pain response every 15 minutes for 90 minutes. Data were analyzed with SPSS using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the effective dose of leunca leaf extract as an analgesic and antipyretic was 490 mg/kg BW of mice.

209 The Effect of Education Through the TikTok Media Platform on the Level of Knowledge and Self-Medication Behavior of Ulcer Disease in Health and Non-Health Students at Setia Budi University

Aulia Fatimah Giyan Saputri — 2026-04-14

Ulcer disease is common among university students, this encouraging self-medication. This study aims to evaluate level of knowledge and self-medication behavior of ulcers in USB health and non-health students before and after education. The study also examined the effect of TikTok platform as educational medium and the relationship between knowledge level and self- medication behavior. This research was an experimental quantitative study with pretest-posttest design, involving total of 194 respondents, consisting of 97 health students and 97 non- health students. The sample was taken through purposive samplingbased inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis used Wilcoxon test. The results showed significant difference between the level of knowledge and self-medication behavior of health and non-health students, with health students having better level knowledge and behavior. Wilcoxon test was (0.000 < 0.05), indicating education through TikTok effective improving knowledge and behavior of ulcer self-medication. In addition, here is a weak relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Combination of Moringa Leaves (Moringa Oleifera Lam) and Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) Against Bacteria Escherichia Coli Atcc 25922

Desica Putri Vidya Rahma — 2026-04-14

Moringa leaf extract and binahong leaf contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoid compounds as antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the combination of ethanol extract of moringa leaves and binahong leaves on the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacteria. The extract was made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, and phytochemical testing was carried out. Determination of the Minimum Killing Concentration of moringa leaf extract and binahong leaves using the dilution method. The combination of moringa leaf extract and binahong leaf was made with a ratio of (1:1), (1:2), (2:1). Determination of antibacterial activity was performed using the disc diffusion method and the results of the inhibition zone
diameter were analyzed using SPSS. The combination effect
pattern was carried out using the paper tape method. The results
showed that moringa leaf extract had a Minimum Killing
Concentration value of 6.25% and binahong leaves 12.5%. The 1:1
combination has an inhibitory power of 14.73 ± 0.50. The
combination of 1:2 is 14.96±0.45. The combination of 2:1 is
16.2±0.55. The combination of 2:1 is the most effective in
inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria and provides a synergistic
combination pattern.

Formulation And Activity Test of Broiler Chicken Claw Collagen Emulgel Preparation on Burn Healing in New Zealand Rabbits

Wahdhatul Hanifah — 2026-04-14

Burns are tissue injuries caused by contact with hot materials. Collagen from broiler chicken feet has burn healing activities formulated into emulgel preparations. Emulgel uses HPMC as a gelling agent. This study was to determine the effect of HMPC
concentration on physical quality and preparation activity on burn healing. Collagen extraction through the maceration process using acetic acid. The HPMC concentrations used were 2%, 2.5%, and 3%. Emulgel preparations are tested for physical quality and stability. Healing of burns is carried out on 5 rabbits. Emulgel was applied 2 times a day and observed wound reduction for 21 days, then statistically analyzed. The results showed that the variation in the concentration of HPMC prepared with chicken claw collagen emulgel affected physical quality, stability, and burn healing activity. Formula 1 HPMC concentration of 2% showed the best results based on physical quality, stability, and burn healing activity.

Analysis of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Services at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation at UNS Surakarta Hospital in 2024

Asep Dwi Pamungkas — 2026-04-14

Patient satisfaction is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of hospital services, and plays an important role in improving public health. This study aims to describe the level of patient satisfaction and compare satisfaction between the morning and afternoon polyclinics at UNS Surakarta Hospital. This research uses a descriptive analytical observational method using a 20-question questionnaire and purposive sampling technique. Five indicators of satisfaction were analyzed: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Based on data from 384 respondents, the level of patient satisfaction is clear evidence (89%), reliability (88%), responsiveness (88%), assurance (91%), and empathy (89%). No significant difference was found between morning and afternoon clinic satisfaction (gap = 0.02). The guarantee dimension is the most dominant aspect with a total score of 5.567. This research highlights the importance of the assurance dimension in increasing patient satisfaction at UNS Surakarta Hospital.

Antidiabetic Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Of Ranti Leaves (Solanum Nigrum L.) on Male White Rats Induced by Alloxan

Melisa Dosmaria Tampubolon — 2026-04-14

Ranti leaves contain flavonoids that can reduce blood glucose levels. The aim of this research is to know effects provided by the extract ethanol ranti leaves in mice white induced males alloxan in lower rate glucose blood and ability repair histopathology pancreas. This study used 30 rats shared into 6 groups consisting of treatment from group I normal control, group II control negative with administration of CMC Na 0.5%, group III control positive with giving glibenclamide, group IV extract ranti leaves 200 mg/kgBW, group V extract ranti leaves 400 mg/kgBW, group VI extract ranti leaves 800 mg/kgBW. On the 3rd day, the rats were induced with alloxan. Inspection rate glucose blood carried out on day 0, day 3, day 7, and day 14 using the GOD-PAP method. On the 15th day, the rats dissected and the pancreas was removed for made preparation histopathology. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. This study indicate that ranti leaf extract exhibits activity in lowering blood glucose levels and improving the histopathology of the pancreas in rats. A dose of 400 mg/kgBW is the most effective, showing a reduction in blood glucose levels comparable to glibenclamide as a positive control.

Study of Drug Interactions in Inpatient Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital Sragen in 2023

Munanisa Rifda Nabila — 2026-04-14

Drug interactions can occur when a combination of 2 or more drugs is used for pharmacological therapy which causes undesirable effects. Interactions can be minor, moderate and major interactions. According to the mechanism, there can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. The aim of this research is to determine the description of the use of antidiabetic drugs, find out which drugs cause the most interactions and identify drug interactions used in Type 2 DM
patients inpatients at dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital in 2023. This research is a type of descriptive research that is non- experimental in nature using retrospective data. The samples used were Type 2 DM patients inpatients at dr. Soehadi
Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital in 2023 as many as 100 people. Next, the medical record data that was obtained was analyzed descriptively and identified the severity and mechanism of drug interactions using the Drugs.com and Stockley's Drugs Interactions websites. The results of the analysis showed that there were 89 patients who had the potential to experience drug interactions. The highest level of severity of drug interactions is moderate severity (81.1%) with pharmacodynamic mechanisms (23.6%). Drugs that have the potential to cause interactions are lansoprazole and sucralfate (9.54%).

Use of Internet Media for Drug Information Search Among Health Students in Universitas Setia Budi

Andina Claudia Rahmayan — 2026-04-14

This study aims to describe the use of internet media in searching for drug information by health students at Setia Budi University. Using descriptive survey method with non probability sampling technique with quota sampling. Most respondents often use the internet (33.3%), with the main reason being speed in getting information (40%). Searching for information via the internet has sufficient influence (70.8%), is considered quite trusted (58.3%), valid (59.4%), and useful (59.4%) by respondents. Information that is easy to understand is the main factor (33.1%). Respondents used Google search engine, Safari (67%), halodoc application (51%), website www.halodoc.com (68.3%) to search for medicine information on the internet. The most searched information was about the name or content of the medicine (19.8%), while the most searched type of medicine was medicine for coughs and colds (15.5%). These results show a tendency to search for drug information every day.

Antidiabetic Activity Test of Etanol Extract of Chayote Leaves (Sechium edule) on Alloxan Induced White Male Rats

Carola Anugrah Putri Bere — 2026-04-14

Chayote (Sechium edule), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is recognized for its potential antidiabetic properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract from chayote leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and assess its impact on pancreatic histopathology. Six treatment groups, each consisting of five rats, were administered alloxan intraperitoneally. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using the GOD-PAP method. On day 15, the rats were sacrificed for analysis. The results indicated that chayote leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved pancreatic histopathology. Notably, a dosage of 84 mg/kg body weight was found to be the most effective, achieving glucose reduction comparable to that of glibenclamide, a standard antidiabetic medication.

Evaluation of the Rationality of the Use of Atihypertensive Drugs for Geriatric Patients in the Inpatient Installation of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional Hospital Period 2023

Martha Jeany Eiden Takaliwang — 2026-04-14

Hypertension is a condition where there is an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure 140/90 mmHg. The purpose of this study was to determine the rationality of the description and use of antihypertensive drugs in geriatric patients at the Inpatient Installation of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional General Hospital for the period 2023. This research was a non-experimental with retrospective data collection using purposive sampling method. This data will be analyzed for the potential occurrence of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) based on PCNE V9.1. The results of the study showed that the most commonly used therapy was a Calcium Channel Blocker (amlodipine) 19.5%. The incidence of rationality in antihypertensive medication among geriatric patients at the Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital during 2023, based on PCNE V9.1, revealed instances of suboptimal drug therapy (33.32%), untreated symptoms (2.74%), non-compliance with guidelines (22.47%), incomplete treatment despite indications (2.74%), and too frequent regimens (18.63%).

Formulation of Toothpaste Preparation of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) with Variations in Na-Cmc Concentration and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Streptococcus mutans

Elicia Devi Aryani — 2026-04-14

This study aims to determine the effect of Na-CMC on the physical quality of neem leaf extract toothpaste preparations (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Toothpaste preparations were tested for antibacterial activity using the diffusion method by observing the inhibition zone formed around the disc paper. The results showed that toothpaste preparations with organoleptic physical quality, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, foam height and stability produced good preparations. In the antibacterial activity test of toothpaste preparations, the diameter value of the inhibition zone was obtained which was F1 12.32 mm; F2 10.77 mm; F3 10.35 mm; F4 (k-) 0 mm; F5 (k+) 13.91 mm. The formula that has the best antibacterial activity based on statistical results is formula 1 with an inhibitory zone diameter of 12.32 mm.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Metabolities of Endophyte Bacteries of Kecombrang Flowers (Etlingera elatior) Against the Bacteri Staphylococcus Aureus Atcc 25923

Khusnul Kumala Dewi — 2026-04-14

Analgesic Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Lempuyang Gajah Rhizome (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe Ex Sm.) on Male White Mice (Mus musculus) Using Tail Flick and Writhing Test Methods

Maria Miranti Mone — 2026-04-14

Pain is an abnormal sensory and emotional event associated with tissue damage. Elephant rhizome of (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm.) can be utilized as an alternative pain treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ethanol extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome has analgesic activity and what is the effective dose as an analgesic. Elephant Zingiber zerumbet rhizome was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. Test animals were divided into 5 treatment groups: negative control group (CMC Na), positive control group (tramadol and mefenamic acid), extract group (doses of 25 mg/kgBB, 50 mg/kgBB, and 100 mg/kgBB). Tests using the Tail Flick and Writhing Test methods. Data analysis using Shapiro- Wilk test, Levene test, One Way Anova followed by Post Hoc. The results showed that ethanol extract of Zingiber zerumbet can provide analgesic activity with an effective dose of 100 mg/kgBB mice.

Formulation of Body Butter Preparations from Mangois (Gracinia Mangostana L.) Skin Extract with Variations of Tween 60 and Span 60 Emulator

Vina Aditia — 2026-04-14

This study developed body butter from mangosteen rind extract, which contains xanthone compounds, natural antioxidants. It tested the impact of varying concentrations of emulsifiers Tween 60 and Span 60 on the body butter’s adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity. The goal was to evaluate the stability and physical quality of the body butter formulations with different emulsifier concentrations. This study used an experimental method with mangosteen rind extract obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. Body butter formulations were prepared with a 1.5% extract consistency and varying emulsifier concentrations. A 6- cycle cycling test was conducted at 4°C and 40°C, followed by physical quality tests (adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, and pH). The test results showed that Formula 1 to Formula 6 produced homogeneous, thick, soft, oily body butter, with a vanilla aroma and varying colors (light brown or milky white). Formula 2 has the best pH (6.90), Formula 3 and 6 show the best spreadability (6 cm and 6.15 cm), Formula 1 and 4 have the best adhesion (9.41 seconds and 11.18 seconds), and Formula 3 and 6 have the best viscosity (11,700 cPs and 11,633 cPs). Formula 2 has the best physical quality.

Activity Test of Areca Nut (Areca Catechu L.) and Figs (Ficus Carica L.) Combination as Antihyperglycemia in White Mice Induced by Alloxan

Guruh Rizky Qhifary — 2026-04-14

Areca nut seeds and figs are plants that can be used as antihyperglycemia, because they contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and triterpenoids that can help the process of lowering blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of antihyperglycemia on blood sugar levels and body weight after a combination of Areca catechu L.) and figs (Ficus carica L.) in alloxane-induced male white mice. The study used 40 male white mice divided into 6 groups. mice were fasted for 8-12 hours before alloxan induction. Mice that have been selected were grouped into 8 groups, namely Group 1 (normal group), Group 2 (negative control, Na CMC 0.5%), Group 3 (positive control, glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kgBW of mice), Group 4 (single extract of areca nut 560 mg/kgBW of mice), Group 5 (single extract of figs 560 mg/kgBW of mice), and 1 combination group of areca nut and fig ethanol extracts. Before the treatment of mice first induced alloxan i.p at a dose of 210 mg/kg BWB mice. The results of blood sugar data were analyzed using One Way Anova followed by Post hoc test. The results showed a single dose of extract and combination of areca cathecu L.) and figs (Ficus carica L.) were able to reduce blood sugar levels in mice with values that are not much different from the positive control test group, while testing of the body weight of mice that were carried out showed that the combination extract was not significantly different from the positive control..

Antihyperglycemic Activity Test of Javanese Pepper Leaf Ethanol Extract (Piper Retrofractum Vahl) and Pancreatic Histopathology in Male White Mice (Mus Musculus) by Aloxane Induction

Firliana Destianti — 2026-04-14

Formulation and Physical Quality Test of Strawberry Leaf Extract Gel Preparation (Fragaria X Ananasa) with Variations in Carbopol 940 Concentration as Gelling Agent

Khofifah Maharani — 2026-04-14

The formulation of gel preparations in this study aims to determine whether sunscreen gel preparations of ethanol extract of strawberry leaves with various concentrations of carbopol 940 can be formulated into gels with good physical quality. Strawberry leaves were extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Analysis of the extract content was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Concentration of 1% strawberry leaf extract and variations of carbopol 940 0.5%; 1%; 1.5%. Determination of physical quality tests, namely organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, spreadability test, adhesion test and stability test. Then, it was analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service (SPSS) program. The test results for strawberry leaf extract gel showed stability and physical quality, where the high concentration of carbopol caused an increase in viscosity and adhesion but reduced spreadability. Gel preparation in formula 2 with 1% carbopol concentration had the best physical quality and stability.

Literature Review Study: Potential of Spirulina Platensis on Antidiabetic Activity

Emmellia Yunitha — 2026-04-14

Spirulina platensis is a microscopic cyanobacterium microalga that has filaments and is rich in nutrients, known for its various health benefits, including its potential as an anti-diabetic agent.

Literature Review Study: The Efficacy of Nanoparticle-Based Extracts of Natural Product for Cancer Treatment

Nurul Syazwani — 2026-04-14

The development of cancer therapy is increasingly leaning towards more targeted and effective approaches, one of which is through the use of nanoparticles in anticancer therapy delivery. The research method utilized is a literature review, searching for relevant scientific articles using electronic databases such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Studies focus on nanoparticles derived from natural extracts such as rubber cassava leaves (Manihot glazovii), soursop leaves (Annona muricata), fig leaves (Ficus carica L.), ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), and Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Moreover, soursop leaf extract encapsulated in alginate nanoparticles has shown significant anticancer activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells. This research demonstrates that nanoparticle technology innovation provides significant opportunities in developing safer and more effective cancer therapies, with the capability to precisely target cancer cells.

Activity Test and Formulation of Essence Aide from Saccharomyces Rice Ferment Filtrate (Srff) as Anti-Aging in Vivo

Rara Dea Priwiyan — 2026-04-14

Saccharomyces Rice Ferment Filtrate (SRFF) is rice fermented with instant yeast containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SRFF filtrate contains phenolics and alkaloids that are formulated into an essence preparation with potential as anti-aging. This study aims to determine the best concentration of SRFF essence formula as anti-aging. The results of the physical quality test of rice fermentation include organoleptic, pH, and temperature tests. The results of fermentation made essence with the concentration of active ingredients used SRFF 5% incubation period of 1 day and SRFF 10% incubation period of 3 days. Physical quality testing of essence includes organoleptical, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and stability tests. Anti-aging essence activity testing with collagen, elasticity, and moisture parameters. Based on the results of essence physical quality testing, 5% essence has good results according to the range of test requirements. The most effective concentration is 5% essence, because with a small dose it already provides anti-aging activity.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Betadine Leaf Extract and Fraction (Jatropha multifida L) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

Syifa Rahmawati — 2026-04-14

This study aims to determine the most active antibacterial activity of Betadine leaf extract and fraction against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Betadine leaf extract using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and fractionation using n -hexane, ethyl acetate and water solvents. Antibacterial activity test using disc diffusion method and dilution method. The results showed that betadine leaf extract and fraction have antibacterial activity. The diffusion results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 50% had the most active antibacterial activity with an average diameter of 14.40 mm (50%); 13.17 mm (25%); 10.47 mm (12.5%) in Staphylococcus aureus and 10.8 mm (50%); 10.5 mm (25%); 8.37 mm (12.5%) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa . From the dilution method, MIC could not be determined because the solution was too cloudy, but MBC was determined at a concentration of 3.12% against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and a concentration of 25% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Studi Literatur Review : Potential of Catechin Compounds in Green Tea (Camelia Sinensis) as Anti-Obesity

Shella Pradina Utami — 2026-04-14

Obesity is a growing health concern associated with chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis), rich in catechins, has demonstrated potential anti-obesity effects through mechanisms such as thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and inhibition of fat absorption. This study reviews seven research articles exploring the role of catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in combating obesity. Experimental and clinical findings reveal that green tea consumption significantly reduces body weight, triglycerides, and fat accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism and enhancing energy expenditure. Variations in the efficacy of green tea were noted based on dietary composition, with stronger effects observed in unsaturated-fat diets. Additionally, processed green tea extracts exhibited enhanced thermogenic activity. These findings support the potential application of green tea catechins as a natural intervention for obesity management.

Tonicum Effect Test of Etanol Extract of Cardamom Fruit (Amomum cardamomum Willd.) on White Male Mice (Mus musculus)

Belinda Kartika — 2026-04-14

Tonic are materials valuable for fortifying the body, enhancing control and vitality, and empowering muscle cell repair. Cardamom (Amomum cardamomum Willd.) contains flavonoid and alkaloid compounds with potential tonic effects. This research aimed to investigate the tonic effects and optimal dosages of cardamom ethanol extract on male white mice. This experimental research utilized 50 male white mice (Mus musculus). Each method uses 25 male white mice divided into five groups: negative control received 0.5% Na CMC, positive control received 100 mg/kg BW caffeine, and three groups received cardamom extract at 5,6; 11,2; and 22,4 mg/kg BW. Data analysis utilized SPSS. The study employed natatory exhaustion and hanging tests to assess endurance. Results indicate cardamom extract exhibits significant tonic effects on male white mice. The optimal dosage (22,4 mg/kg BW) has the most effective potential tonic effect, with an average percentage increase in swimming duration (125%) and an average percentage increase in hanging duration (180%).

Preliminary Screening on Components Selection Of A Quercetin- Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Formulation

Yudha Rizky Nuari — 2026-04-14

Quercetin has been reported as a group of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity but with poor solubility, thus requiring modification to enhance its bioavailability. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is able to facilitate solubility improvement for non-polar entities. An isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant is required to ensure the formation and stability of SNEDDS. Therefore, the selection of these SNEDDS components is crucial. This study focused on the preliminary screening to appropriately select the oil, surfactant, and co- surfactant used for a quercetin-containing SNEEDS formulation. To highlight the nanoemulsion regions, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of selected oil and s-mix were visualized. In addition, the evaluations include % transmittance, self-emulsification time, droplet size, PDI, zeta potential, and thermodynamic stability.

The Factors That Influence Compliance With Taking Blood Supplement Tablets In Pregnant Women In The Puskemas Gabus 1, Grobogan Regency

Salsa Inka Pramudya — 2026-04-14

The low compliance of pregnant women in consuming blood supplement tablets as part of government programs can impede the prevention and treatment of anemia. In 2020, anemia cases in Grobogan Regency increased by 15,74%. This study aims to identify the factors influencing pregnant women's compliance with consuming blood supplement tablets. A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted involving 91 respondents who met the inclusion criteria at Puskesmas Gabus 1. The variables studied included knowledge, motivation, family support, and the role of health workers. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariable methods. The results revealed that 61,5% of respondents had insufficient knowledge and motivation, while family support and the role of health workers were relatively high at 59,3% and 86,3%, respectively. Family support was found to significantly influence compliance with blood supplement tablet consumption (p = 0,013). Therefore, family support is the most critical factor in ensuring pregnant women's compliance.

The Tonic Effect Of Ethanol Extract Telang Leaf (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Toward White Mice (Mus musculus) Males Swiss Webster

Cryschantia Ayumi Tesalonika — 2026-04-14

The telang leaf (Clitoria ternatea L.) is utilized in traditional medicine due to its active compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and essential oils. This study examined the tonic effects of ethanolic extract from telang leaf on male Swiss Webster mice and determined its effective dose. Extraction was conducted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol. The tonic activity test employed the Natatory Exhaustion and Rotarod methods, with parameters including swimming time and the duration the mice remained on the rotating rotarod. The negative control used 0.5% Na CMC, the positive control was caffeine at 13 mg/kg BW, and the telang leaf extract was tested at doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, homogeneity test, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey test. Results showed that the telang leaf extract exhibited tonic activity, with the most effective dose being 300 mg/kg BW.

Analgetic Potential Activity Of Ethanol Extract Of Fruit Peel (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Against Male White Mice By Writhing Test And Tail Flick Method

Putri Desi Deria — 2026-04-14

Pain is a sensory feeling that causes discomfort, and is an indicator of damage to body tissue. Ways to reduce pain, with analgesics to relieve pain. Melinjo fruit peel (Gnetum gnemon L.) contains flavonoid compounds that can inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, decrease prostaglandin production and relieve pain. The extraction method of melinjo fruit peel uses maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Analgesic activity test using tail flick and writhing test. Parameters observed were tail flick and body writhing of mice with negative control CMC-Na 0.5%, positive control (mefenamic acid and dolgesik), dose of melinjo fruit peel extract 27.46; 54.93; and 109.86 mg/kg BW. Data results were analyzed using One way ANOVA. The results showed that ethanol extract of melinjo fruit peel (Gnetum Gnemon L.) has analgesic activity in male white mice, marked by significant differences in negative control. The effective dose of melinjo fruit peel extract is 109.86 mg/kg BW

The Influence Of Drug Information Education On The Level Of Compliance Of Prolanis Hypertension Patients At Kebakkramat II Puskesmas, Karanganyar 2024

Rifa Dani Ariska — 2026-04-14

Hypertension in Karanganyar Regency ranks fourth with a prevalence of
96.6%. This study aims to determine the effect of drug information
education on the adherence level of hypertension patients at
Kebakkramat II Puskesmas. It involved 55 respondents from
Kebakkramat II Puskesmas

Antidiabetic Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Ranti Leaves (Solanum Nigrum L.) On Male White Rats Induced By Alloxan

Melisa Dosmaria Tampubolon — 2026-04-14

Formulation and Activity Test of Emulgel Preparation Containing Patah Tulang Stem Extract (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) as a Wound Healer for Incisions on the Back of New Zealand Rabbits.

Awanda Rusmin — 2026-04-14

The stem of the Patah Tulang plant is beneficial as an alternative treatment for cuts because it contains compounds such as sapogenin, ellagic acid, and glycosides, which help accelerate the wound healing process. Emulgel is an appropriate topical preparation for treating cuts. This study aims to determine whether the extract of the Patah Tulang stem can be formulated into an emulgel with good physical properties and to evaluate the activity and concentration of the gelling agent HPMC in wound healing.The extract of the Patah Tulang stem was obtained using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was then formulated into an emulgel with a concentration of 10% and varying concentrations of the gelling agent HPMC (1%, 3%, and 5%). The resulting emulgel formulations were tested for their physical properties, including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, emulgel type, pH, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, and stability. The wound healing activity was tested on New Zealand rabbits. Data on wound healing, physical properties, and the stability of the emulgel were analyzed statistically using SPSS.The results of the study showed that the extract of the Patah Tulang stem can be formulated into an emulgel with good physical properties and stability. The emulgel made from the extract of the Patah Tulang stem demonstrated wound healing activity, with the most effective concentration of the gelling agent HPMC being 1%.

Wound Healing Activity Of Anting-Anting Leaf Extract Gel Preparation (Acalypha Indica L.) On The Back Of Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Ernisha Febriani Rambe — 2026-04-14

The wound is caused by the activity of combined with sharp object. Flavonoids, saponins and tannins Acalypha indica L. help the wound healing process. The purpose this study determine the wound healing activity of earring leaf extract gel preparation (Acalypha indica L.) on the back of male white rats (Rattus novergicus). 25 male rats were divided 5 groups. Group I negative control (gel base without extract), group II positive control (Binasol®), group III (1% carbopol base earring leaf extract gel), group IV (1.5% carbopol base earring leaf extract gel), and group V (2% carbopol base earring leaf extract gel). Wound length, erythema, and scab were measured. Data analyzed with SPSS. The results earrings leaf extract gel with base concentrations 1; 1.5; and 2% good physical quality and stability. The wound healing activity of earring leaf extract gel preparation can heal cut wounds in white rats with effective concentration 1% base.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Bacteria Isolate of (Hibiscus Rosa sinensis L.) Flower Against the Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Maria Yasinta Meidina Perdana Putri — 2026-04-14

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms residing in plant tissues that can produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. This study focused on the Hibiscus flower (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.), known for its secondary metabolites effective against bacteria. The research aimed to identify the genera of endophytic bacteria and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Pure isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from the hibiscus flowers, with identification based on morphological, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Various fermentation times (24, 48, and 72 hours) were tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. Six genera were identified: Escherichia, Aeromicrobium, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, and Klebsiella. The Klebsiella genus showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (10.22 mm) after 72 hours of fermentation, indicating that longer fermentation enhances antibacterial efficacy due to secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic isolates

Antihyperglykemic Activity Test Of The Combination Activity Of Butterfly Pea Flower Extrac (Clitoria Ternatea L.) And Areca Nut Seeds (Areca Catechu L.) Extracts On Mice (Mus Musculus) Induced By Alloxa

Dwi Nikencanawati — 2026-04-14

Butterfly pea flowers and areca seeds are plants that can be used as antihyperglycemic agents because they contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids, which aid in reducing blood sugar levels. The aim of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic effect of a combination of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) and areca seed extract (Areca catechu L.) in male mice induced intraperitoneally with alloxan at a dose of 210 mg/kg BW. The extraction process employed maceration using 70% ethanol. The antihyperglycemic test involved 40 male mice, divided into groups: normal control, negative control (0,5% Na CMC), positive control (glibenclamide), single extract of butterfly pea flower (560 mg/kg BW), single extract of areca seed (560 mg/kg BW), combination 1, combination 2, and combination 3. Blood glucose level data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by a Post Hoc test. The results showed that both single doses and combination doses of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea) and areca seed extract (Areca catechu) significantly reduced blood glucose levels in mice, with no significant differences between groups.

Testing the Activity of Sambung Nyawa Leaves Ethanol Extract (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) on the Number of Platelets and Blood Clotting Time in White Rats (Rattus novergicus) Induced by Heparin

Gema Galgani Rengga — 2026-04-14

Sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) has pharmacological properties that reduce bleeding risk due to its flavonoids and saponins. This study evaluates the activity of its leaf extract and identifies the effective dose for increasing platelet count and blood clotting time.The powder was macerated with 96% ethanol and used on 24 animals divided into 6 groups. Heparin was induced for 5 days via intraperitoneal injection, except in the normal group. Each group received PSIDII® at a dose of 18 mg/200 grams of rat body weight, 0.5% CMC-Na, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg BB, 200 mg/kg BB, and 400 mg/kg BB.The results showed that the ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves can increase platelet count and accelerate blood clotting time in rats induced with heparin, with an effective dose of 400 mg/kg BB.

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Mouthwash Preparation from Red Leaf Shoot Extract (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp) Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria

Yesyi Rohcayati — 2026-04-14

Dental caries is a disease that causes tooth tissue damage, starting from the tooth surface to the pulp. Red shoot leaves (Syzgium myrtifolium Walp) are plants that contain phenol compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids that function as antibacterials and can inhibit energy metabolism. This study aims to formulate a red shoots leaf extract mouthwash that is effective against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The leaf symplisia was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Four mouthwash formulas with concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were prepared and tested for physical quality, including organoleptic, homogeneity, specific gravity, viscosity, pH, and stability. The antibacterial test results showed that all formulas had good physical quality, with bacterial inhibition zone diameters of 12.6 mm, 14.6 mm, 18.3 mm, and 22.3 mm, respectively. The formula with 8% concentration showed very strong inhibition.

Antibacterial Activity Test from Metabolites of Endophyte Bacteria of Gemitir Flowers (Tagates Erecta L.) Against Bacteria Staphyloccus Aureus

Margaretta Putri Pusfita — 2026-04-14

The search for sources of bioactive compounds continues to be carried out along with the emergence of new diseases, the existence of resistance to antibiotics leads to the treatment of infections caused. One source of bioactive compounds used to fight antibiotic resistance is endophytic microbes. Endophytic bacteria can produce chemical compounds that have effects on health, especially endophytic bacteria isolated from the medicinal plant of the gemitir flower (Tagetes erecta L.). Plant determination is followed by sterilization of tools and materials then gemitir flowers are isolated in planted in Nutrient Agar (NA). are Vogel Johnson Agar (VJA), Mueller Hilton Agar (MHA), Nutrient Agar (NA) and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), Media SIM, Media KIA, Media LIA, Media Citrate. The results showed that as many as 5 metabolites of endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from the gemitir flower (Tagetes erecta L). Gemitir endophytes have colonies with sizes and shapes, namely circular and irregular, and the shape of the edges is undulate, and entire. The surface of the colony shows a shaped elevation that is flat and raised. Gram painting of 5 different Metabolites shows 1 Gram positive endophytic bacterial metabolite, namely in EG1 Metabolites While Gram negative 4 Metabolites, namely EG2, EG3, EG4, and EG5. The genus of bacteria found are Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The inhibition zones were 12.1 mm, 11 mm, and 9.53 mm respectively from 24-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour fermentation. EG1 metabolites in the 24 hour group showed the highest antibacterial activity.

Parental Resilience: Phenomenological Study of Parents with Autoimmune Disease

Rosita Yuniati — 2026-04-14

Autoimmune disease in children is increasing and is one of the mostdeadly diseases. When there is a condition that a child is diagnosed with autoimmune disease, it will cause tension and anxiety for the parents. Parents’ lives will also be different as the impact of their parenting way and care of children with autoimmune disease since fatigue, anxiety, and worry emerge when they literally have to deal with that situation. Therefore, parents' ability to resist and recover from stress, known as parental resilience, plays a very important role. Parents’ capacity to overcome and reduce the effects of stress can emerge through resilience. The aim of this research was to explore the life experience of parents with resilience of having children with autoimmune disease from a qualitative perspective. Method of this research was exploratory-qualitatif approach in which purposive sampling was carried out to recruit parents who had children with autoimmune disease, data was collected using interview techniques and data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that there were six identified themes: emotional reaction to diagnosis, active coping, social support, financial challenges, spiritual meaning and gratitude, motivation to survive. Conclusion: this study identified several specific factors that influenced the resilience of parents who had children suffering from autoimmune disease.